Non-cancerous conditions of the larynx

A non-cancerous (benign) condition of the larynx is a change to laryngeal cells, but it is not cancer. Non-cancerous conditions do not spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body and are not usually life-threatening.

Non-cancerous conditions of the larynx include:

• laryngitis
• vocal cord nodules
• contact granulomas
• vocal cord cysts
• vocal cord polyps
• laryngeal papillomatosis

Risk factors

The following risk factors increase your chance of developing a non-cancerous condition of the larynx:

• smoking
• overuse or misuse of the voice (such as excessive speaking or singing, speaking in an improper pitch or constant shouting)
• acid reflux
• postnasal drip
• inhaling irritants
• constant coughing

HPV infection increases the risk for laryngeal papillomatosis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of non-cancerous conditions of the larynx include:

• hoarseness
• a weak or breathy voice
• trouble breathing
• noisy breathing
• pain when swallowing or speaking

Diagnosis

If you have symptoms or your doctor thinks you might have a non-cancerous condition, you will be sent for tests. Tests used to diagnose or rule out non-cancerous conditions or laryngeal cancer include:

• a physical exam
• a laryngoscopy
• a biopsy

Find out more about physical exams, a laryngoscopy and biopsies.

Treatments

Treatment options for non-cancerous conditions of the larynx include:

• avoiding the cause such as smoking, loud speaking or improper singing
• voice therapy
• medicines to reduce acid reflux
• surgical removal