A stool test examines the stool (feces). Stool tests are useful for investigating problems in the stomach, intestines or other parts of the gastrointestinal system.
Why a stool test is done
A stool test may be done to check for:
- infection (from bacteria, viruses or parasites)
- digestive problems (such as malabsorption of certain sugars, fats or nutrients)
- bleeding inside the gastrointestinal tract
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How a stool test is done
Unlike most other lab tests, stool is usually collected at home. Some tips for collecting a stool specimen include:
- Wear latex gloves as collecting stool can be messy.
- A number of methods may be used to collect the stool:
- a hat-shaped plastic container placed over the toilet bowl
- loosely placed plastic wrap over the toilet bowl
- plastic wrap to line the diaper (for infants or toddlers)
- If urine contaminates the stool, another sample will have to be collected.
- If the stool touches the inside of the toilet, another sample will have to be collected.
For best results, the stool sample should be taken to the laboratory immediately. If this is not possible, the stool sample should be refrigerated, and then taken to the laboratory as soon as possible.
At the laboratory, the stool sample is analyzed and examined under a microscope.
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What the results mean
In general, normal stool appears brown, soft and well-formed in consistency. It does not contain blood, mucus, pus, harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.
Abnormal results may be due to:
- inflammation of the intestine
- infection
- digestive disorders
- cancer
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What happens if a change or abnormality is found
The doctor will decide if more tests, procedures, follow-up care or additional treatment are needed.
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