What is uterine cancer?

The uterus (or womb) is part of a woman’s reproductive system. It is the hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ where a fetus develops and grows. The lower part of the uterus is called the cervix. The cervix leads into the vagina.

The lining inside the uterus is called the endometrium. The endometrium is made up of tissue with many glands. Each month, it thickens and then is usually shed during your monthly menstrual period. Normally, your menstrual periods will happen each month, unless you are pregnant, until you reach menopause.

Uterine cancer that starts in the endometrium is called endometrial carcinoma. Most uterine cancers are endometrial carcinoma. Cancer that starts in the muscle layers of the uterus is called uterine sarcoma.

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