When testicular cancer is detected and treated early, the chances of successful treatment are better. Recognizing symptoms and getting regular checkups are the best ways to detect testicular cancer early. The sooner symptoms are reported, the sooner a doctor can diagnose and treat the cancer.
Most testicular cancers are first found by men themselves. Some are discovered by routine physical examination. There is not enough evidence to recommend regular testicular exams, but it is important for men to know what is normal for them. Knowing his testicles helps a man learn what is normal for his own body and to recognize when something may be wrong. Men should report any changes to the testicles to a doctor.
High-risk individuals
Men who are at higher than average risk of developing testicular cancer may need to be tested more often and earlier than men with average risk. Examples of what puts a person at higher than average risk include:
- cryptorchidism
- family history of testicular cancer
- personal history of testicular cancer
- Klinefelter syndrome
Men who are at higher than average risk should talk to their doctor about a personal plan for testing. A personal plan for testing may include regular physical exam with a healthcare professional that includes checking the testicles.
Knowing your testicles
All men should know what is normal for their testicles. Many men discover testicular cancer by noticing changes in their testicles.
The best time to feel the testicles is just after a warm bath or shower. The heat from the water makes the testicles descend and the scrotum relax, which makes it easier to feel anything that is abnormal.
Carefully feel each testicle for any changes, such as a lump or any tenderness. At the back of each testicle there is a tube (called the epididymis) that collects and carries sperm. It is normal to feel this tube as a soft cord or a small bump. It is also normal for one testicle to be larger than the other. Comparing the 2 sides for differences may be helpful.
If you find a change, report it to a doctor as soon as possible. The doctor may order tests to find out what the change could mean.